Off-sale outlets refer to the physical locations where alcohol is sold to drink off the property. Studies have shown that neighborhoods with higher concentrations of liquor stores are associated with higher rates of alcohol-related hospitalizations, drunk driving accidents, and pedestrian injuries[i]. In a study of zip code areas across California, increases in the number of bars and off-premise places (e.g., liquor, convenience and grocery stores) was related to an increase in the rate of violence. These effects were largest in poor, minority areas of the state, those areas already saturated with the greatest numbers of outlets[i].